TRENDS IN PUBLIC HEALTH DEVELOPMENT: A GLOBAL CONTEXT

Abstract

The global health care system is the main reason for initiating various measures to improve human life. Health policy affects the lives of billions of people. The world practice of forming and implementing health policy is as follows: request - definition of a policy for the purpose of its adoption; impact – persuasion of health care institutions in making changes to the adopted policy; implementation - assistance to health care institutions in implementing measures based on the adopted policy. In the implementation of these areas are the following contemporary issues of health care systems - segmentation and fragmentation; management issues. The management of health services, which aims to achieve efficiency and quality, needs methodologies and tools that meet the system’s mission to improve the health of the population. The optimal management system is an important element in the transformation of health care systems. It aims to develop the capacity of health facilities to meet quality standards, offer the relevant environment for health professionals and meet the needs of citizens. Such a system includes: information culture – the ability to collect data, use and analyze indicators necessary for optimal management and decision-making; measuring effectiveness – appropriate monitoring to assess the effectiveness of health services and management in accordance with agreed goals and objectives; change management – the ability to create an environment for participation that promotes open communication and the generation of new competencies for the implementation of solutions and projects aimed at solving problems faced by health authorities, improving their ability to respond to public health needs; strengthening managerial capacity – assistance in training and continuing education for health care managers in order to acquire and maintain the competencies necessary for modern management of health services; management indicators – the foundation for measuring the performance of management and control of medical facilities, as well as the creation of day-to-day management elements, such as trend charts that document common patterns of behavior and identify any deviations; information analysis – defining and using indicator cards and information control panels consolidated for a health care institution or health care network; decision-making – the creation and analysis of information to ensure successful management; improvement plans – planning and implementation of active or corrective, intentional and purposeful actions to achieve the goals of the institution and the health care system. It is concluded that healthcare systems face many challenges today. In particular, the need for rapid response by governments and appropriate decisions on recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic, technological innovation and patient expectations create a new environment in which medical practice is not just about treating patients but modernization of health management as well.