INSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATION OF ANTI-EPIDEMIC MEASURES IN THE CONDITIONS OF REFORMING THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The deployment of epidemics in Ukraine shows that preventive work is insufficient and needs careful study. The importance of the problem of preventing the spread of socially dangerous diseases is also noted in the documents of the United Nations. At present, the challenges of socially dangerous diseases are a major problem not only for national health systems but also for the world community, which requires a consolidated, large-scale and effective global response. Despite the decline in morbidity in a number of nosologies, the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in the country remains unstable, a record number of outbreaks of acute intestinal infections over the past 20 years, 73.5% of which were associated with violations of basic sanitation, hygienic norms and rules against the background of lack of supervision and control. In accordance with the National Security Strategy of Ukraine in terms of forecast and current threats to national security and national interests of Ukraine, taking into account foreign policy and domestic conditions, the threat of emergence and spread of both known and new infectious diseases is determined. The reason for this is the low level of health of the population and the high level of its morbidity is closely related to the low level of social protection of certain segments of the population, the presence of unemployment and uncontrolled migration. At the present stage, there has been a significant deterioration in the epidemiological situation regarding particularly dangerous infections both in Ukraine and around the world. This is due to political and economic instability, mass migration, military conflicts and redeployment of troops, new economic conditions with a violation of the stability of previous epidemiological surveillance systems, the weakening of preventive measures. Due to the expansion of international relations and the global redistribution of labor resources, migration processes, growing urbanization, military conflicts, the rapid development of the tourism industry, these diseases can pose an epidemiological threat to other regions, including the European continent. In the territories affected by the consequences of emergencies, a sharp deterioration of the sanitary-epidemic situation is possible, which causes the need for sanitary and anti-epidemic measures to ensure the sanitary and epidemic well-being of the affected population. Based on the analysis of the administration of anti-epidemic measures in the context of reforming the health care system of Ukraine, unfortunately, are forced to state the existing legal imbalance associated with the inconsistency of regulations with higher-level documents, ie laws. This state of affairs is caused by the need to make changes and additions, as well as the adoption of new regulations that should regulate the situation on a "here and now" basis, responding rapidly to new threats and challenges in the health care system. The importance of management in the field of sanitary and epidemiological well-being is difficult to overestimate, because it is about ensuring the living conditions of the whole society, its security, and, consequently, the national security of the state of Ukraine. However, during the reorganization of the central executive bodies, sanitary and epidemiological support was divided between two executive bodies: the issue of sanitary supervision and control was assigned to the established body – the State Consumer Service, and control over the epidemiological situation – to the public health department of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. clear definition and delineation of functions and powers. It can be argued that the current institutional capacity to ensure the proper state of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance due to the liquidation of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service and the lack of a clear definition of the central executive body to implement state policy in the sphere of protection against infectious diseases. Based on the above, there is an urgent need for the adoption in the second reading of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the bill № 4142 "On Public Health" to establish regional centers for disease control and prevention to create a modern system of response to health threats and anti-epidemic protection. Prospects for further exploration in this direction will be to study the genesis of the anti-epidemic protection management system in emergencies.